Extension and Advisory Services (EAS) need new capacities at different levels to deal effectively with the evolving challenges faced by rural communities in Odisha (Box 1). This brief presents the findings based on a systematic Capacity Needs Assessment (AESA 2016) organized jointly by the Centre for Research on Innovation and Science Policy (CRISP), the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), and the ICARCIWA (Central Institute for Women in Agriculture) from 3-4 July 2018, at Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.